Microsoft Windows 2000 Server 5 Call
Windows 2000 Kerberos Interoperability. 25 minutes to read In this article Abstract The Microsoft® Windows® 2000 operating system implements the standard Kerberos network authentication protocol to improve security and interoperability. While new to Windows, the Kerberos protocol is not new and has been implemented on a number of operating system platforms.
This paper describes common scenarios for interoperability between Windows 2000 and other Kerberos implementations. On This Page Introduction Kerberos Basics Interoperability Scenarios Implementation Approaches Appendix A Introduction This paper examines the various options for integrating Microsoft® Windows® 2000 operating system-based Kerberos support with other non-Windows-based Kerberos realms and services.
Feb 08, 2018 what does is mean 5 CAL License for Windows Server. Windows Single server 2008 with 5. Microsoft Windows 2000 Server; Microsoft Windows 2000. 1.3.5 Number of Calls. The following are the three contexts that you can call from your sink.
This paper begins by defining a canonical non-Windows-based Kerberos realm to provide a framework for integration. The paper then presents customer interoperability scenarios detailing integration options and arranges them on a spectrum of ease of implementation, and level of functionality. This paper presumes a basic knowledge of the Kerberos protocol. See (in Microsoft TechNet) for an overview of Kerberos in Windows 2000.
Kerberos Basics An individual Kerberos deployment is often referred to as a realm and is analogous to a Windows domain. A Kerberos realm consists of a Key Distribution Center (KDC) and applications and services that use the Kerberos authentication protocols. Like a Windows domain, end-users belong to a specific Kerberos realm, logon or authenticate to that realm and are known throughout that realm. The tools and services discussed here focus on the MIT reference implementation of the Kerberos version 5, although they are analogous to those available in many other implementations of Kerberos version 5. Kerberized Applications Kerberized applications include any application or service that uses the Kerberos protocol to authenticate (prove identity) to the network. Kerberized applications include desktop operating systems such as Windows 2000, and network services or applications. Kerberized applications consist of the application or service itself and credential cache for storing authentication information.
In addition to Kerberized applications, there are a group of Kerberos utilities that are used to manage the user's Kerberos credentials: kinit, kdestroy, klist and kpasswd. Credential Cache The credential cache is used by Kerberos to store authentication information. Once authenticated to a Kerberos realm, the Kerberized application obtains tickets that are used to identify the application to network resources. These tickets are cached so that they can be reused during their lifetime. Kinit The kinit utility logs in to the Kerberos realm using the client's key that is derived from the user's password. The Kerberos client receives a Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT) as confirmation of successful authentication.
Windows Server 2000 Iso
Kerberized applications use the TGT as a stepping-stone for obtaining service tickets for Kerberos services. Klist All tickets (including the initial TGT) are placed in a credential cache that can be viewed using the klist utility. Kdestroy When the user is finished with Kerberized services, the kdestroy utility can be used to destroy the credential cache to prevent it from being misused by another user.
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Often implementations perform kinit as part of login and kdestroy as part of logout so that Kerberos is entirely transparent to the user. Kpasswd Kpasswd is a utility used by Kerberos users to change passwords for a given identity. Kpasswd is not defined in the Kerberos standard and therefore, is implementation defined. Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) A Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC), is a network service that accepts requests for tickets from Kerberos clients, validates their identity and grants tickets to them. The protocol is an IETF standard (RFC-1510). A common Kerberos implementation in a distributed network will include a central, or master, KDC and a series of replica, or slave servers to provide authentication services for Kerberos clients. The slave replicas also provide the Kerberos KDC service, have a reasonably recent copy of the key database (KDB), and a change propagation service—kpropd (daemon) running to accept kprop updates from the master KDC.
In it's simplest form, a Kerberos KDC consists of a Key Database (KDB) and Kadmin and Kprop tools. Key Database (KDB) The Key Database holds account information for network users and resources. The Kerberos KDC uses this Key Database to verify the identity of Kerberos clients. In a distributed environment, this database must be distributed and maintained as part of the KDC replicas.
Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional
The security of the Kerberos realm depends on keeping the KDB secure. Kadmin Kadmin is a utility used by the Kerberos administrator to update account entries in the KDB. Changes to the KDB are done only at the master KDC using the local kadmin tool or via the kadmin service (only one kadmin service runs in the realm). Kadmin is not defined in the Kerberos standard and is, therefore, implementation defined. Kprop Kprop is a system utility that synchronizes the master KDB with the replica KDBs.
Kprop is not defined in the Kerberos standard and is, therefore, implementation defined. Interoperability Scenarios There are several ways to mix and match the Kerberos technology implemented in Windows 2000 with other Kerberos implementations. There are three primary variables in Kerberos interoperability:. The Kerberos Client being used to authenticate users to Kerberos services. The Kerberos KDC providing authentication services for a realm. The network resources to be accessed (authorization method) There are four fundamental implementation approaches that address the multiple scenarios derived from the variables above. The table below shows the permutations of these variables and shows the recommended implementation approach for each.